CHAPTER – 1 ANALOGY Analogy literally means ‘Similarly’ i.e., having similar features. Questions on analogy test the ability of a candidate to understand the relationship between two given objects and apply the same relationship to find that asked in the question. It must be borne in mind that a candidate’s intellectual skill is important to analyze the similarity between two or more objects, yet a rich knowledge of usages of different words adds to one’s performance .This type of questions cover all types of relationship that one can think of. There are many ways of establishing a relationship, some of the most common ones are given here. Tools and object based analogy: This establishes a relationship between a tool and the object in which it works. A similar relation has to be discovered from answer choices.ExamplesPencil: PaperPen: PaperScissors: ClothSaw: WoodEraser: Paper Synonym based analogy: In such type of analogy two words have similar meaning.ExamplesBig: largeHuge: GiganticEndless: EternalThin: SlimBenevolent: KindNotion: IdeaHuge: Big Worker and tool based analogy: This establishes a relationship between a particular tool and the person of that particular profession who uses that tool.Examples:Writer: PenPainter: BrushCricketer: BatBlacksmith: HammerBarber: ScissorsHunter: Gun Worker and product based analogy: This type of analogy gives a relationship between a person of particular profession and his/her creations.ExamplesBatsman: RunWriter: BookAuthor: NovelSinger: SongPoet: PoemJournalist: News Causes and effect based analogy: In such type of analogy 1st word acts and the 2nd word is the effect of that action.ExamplesWork: TirednessBath: FreshnessRace: FatigueShoot: Kill Opposite relationship (Antonym) based analogy: In such type of analogy the two words of the question pair are opposite in meaning. Similar relations has to be discovered from the answer choice word pairsExamplesPoor: RichFat: slimTall: ShortBig: SmallLight: DarkAvoid: Meet Gender Based analogy:In such type of analogy, one word is masculine and another word is feminine of it. In fact, it is a ‘male and female’ or ‘sex’ relationship.Examples:Man: WomanBoy: GirlNephew: NieceBull: CowDuck: Drake Classification based analogy: This type of analogy is based on biological, physical, chemical or any other classification. In such problems the 1st word may be classified by the 2nd word and vice-versa.Examples:Cow: AnimalGirl: HumanOxygen: GasWater: LiquidSnake: ReptileParrot: Bird Function based analogy: In such type of analogy, 2ndword describes the function of the 1st word. ExamplesSinger: SingsGeneral: CommandsPlayer: PlaysSurgeon: Operates Quantity and unit based analogy: In such type of analogy 2nd word is the unit of the first word and vice-versa. Example:Distance: MileMass: KilogramLength: Meter Finished product and raw material based analogy: In such type o analogy the 1st word is the raw material an 2nd word is the end product of that raw material and vice-versaExamplesYarn: FabricMilk: CurdFlour: BreadLatex: RubberGrape: WineFruit: Juice Symbolic based analogy:: In such type of analogy the 2nd word shows the purpose of the 1st word or vice-versa.Examples:White: PeaceRed: DangerBlack: SorrowRed Cross: HospitalSwastika: Fortune Utility based analogy:In such type of analogy the 2nd word shows the purpose of the 1st word or vice-versa.ExamplePen: WritingFood: EatingChair: SittingBed: SleepingBat: Playing Adult and young one based analogy:In such type of analogy, the `1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.Examples:Cow: CalfHuman: ChildDog: PuppyDuck: Duck ling Subject and specialist based analogy:In such type of analogy, the `1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.ExamplesHeart: CardiologistSkin: Dermatologist Habit based analogy:In this type of analogy 2nd word is the habit of 1st and vice-versaExamples Cat: OmnivorousTiger: CarnivorousCow: HerbivorousGoat: Herbivorous Instrument and measurement based analogy:In such type of analogy, the `1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.Examples Hygrometer: HumidityBarometer: PressureThermometer: TemperatureSphygmomanometer: Blood pressure Individual and group based analogy:In such type of analogy, the `1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.Examples Cow: HerdSheep: FlackGrapes: BunchSinger: Chorus State and capital based analogy:In such type of analogy, the `1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.Examples Bihar: PatnaWest Bengal: KolkataMaharashtra: MumbaiKarnataka: Bangluru Analogy based on individual and dwelling place:In such type of analogy, the `1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.Examples Horse : StableBee: ApiaryDog: KennelBirds: AviaryMonk: MonasteryHuman: House Analogy based on worker and working place:In such type of analogy, the `1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.Examples Doctor: HospitalClerk: OfficeCook: KitchenProfessor: CollegeTeacher: School Analogy based on topic study:In such type of analogy, the `1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.Examples Birds: OrnithologyEarth quakes”: SeismologyEggs: Zoology Analogy based on letter ( or meaningless words) In such type of analogy, the `1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.Examples CD: FG:: PQ:UVDC: GF:: QP:VU